Cardiopulmonary bypass is discontinued only after: 1. Starting dobutamine at 5 mcg/kg/min to give inotropic support and chrono- tropic stimulation; 2. Starting nitroglycerin to relax the pulmonary vascular bed; 3. Hyperventilating the patient to a pCO2 of 30-40 with 100% oxygen to relax the pulmonary vascular bed; 4. Decreasing pump flow gradually while giving enough volume for the heart to take over the circulation, but not distend.